Sulphur Deposit Resource
Sulphur deposit is a basic chemical raw material. Sulfur is non-metallic element with wide distribution and strong affinity. The distribution of sulphur minerals is very extensive, with wide varieties, and in sulfur and combined forms. The major industrial mineral sulfur and compounds are: natural sulfur, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, organic sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur in non-ferrous metal sulphide. China is rich in surphur resources, and the reserves rank front in the world. The direct application of sulfur deposit is to produce sulphur and sulfuric acid. They are both used extensively. Most of the sulfuric acid are used to produce various types of fertilizers, and its applications are still expanding.
There are three homogeneous composite bodies of surphur-¦Á, ¦Â and ¦Ã.
Alunite, barite, gypsum and other sulfate minerals are used only in certain countries and regions lacking surfur resource. |
Characters of Main Surphur Minerals
Native Sulphur: Native surfur is ¦Á surfur of rhombic system. Its formula is S. In theory, it contains 100% surfur. In addition, native surfur generally contains some impurity. Native surfur is generally needle and tabular crystal, often with irregular shape. Native sulfur is pale yellow, pale brown. Mohs scale is 1¡«2£¬specific gravity is 2.05¡«2.08£»of degradation property, weak electrical conductivity, diathermancy. It gives out ultramarine flame and pungent smell when it burns. Surfur reacts violently with oxygen under 360¡æ and higher temperature, and generate sulfur dioxide. Surfur reactes with hydrogen and produce hydrogen sulfide when the temperature is around 400¡æ. When the temperature gets higher, it dissociates. And it is resolved completely into water and surfur when the temperature gets to 1 690¡æ. Surfur insoluble in water, it is soluble in organic solvent and carbon disulfide. Surfur is an active chemical element, usually used as oxidant and reductant.
Iron pyrite: it is also called as pyrite, the formula is FeS2. In theory, it contains 53.45% supfur£¬and 46.55% iron. Some sulphide contains minim te, germanium. Iron pyrite is paraxial crystal, is usually cube, pentagonal dodecahedron. Iron pyrite is light golden copper, and its surface is brown, tan. Its rigidity is 6.0¡«6.5£¬specific gravity is 4.9¡«5.2, of degradation property and weak electrical conductivity.
White Iron Pyrites: white iron pyrite(FeS2) is the same to iron pyrite. The aggregation is nodular, spherical, stalactitic, crustified and so on. White iron pyrite is light golden copper, with light gray or light green. Its rigidity is 5.0¡«6.0£¬specific gravity is 4.6¡«4.9, of degradation property and weak current.
Pyrrhotites: granular £ÛFe1-xS£Ýis polymorphic variety of hexagonal or monoclinic system. It is usually densified granular lump. granular is bronze brown, and its surface is dust-colour, dark brown, opaque. Its rigidity is 4£¬of degradation property, specific gravity is 4.58¡«4.70. It is of different magnetism, of electrical conductivity. |
Functions and Technical and Economic Targets of Surphur Deposit
Ò»¡¢Functions of Sulphur: The main function of surphur minerals is to produce surfuric acid and surfur. In China, about more than 70% surfur is used to produce surfuric acid. Besides fertilizer, surfuric acid is also used to make phenol, Potassium sulphate and so on. With the development of China, the surfuric acid is demanded more in varous industries. Used as raw materials to produce surfuric acid, surfur is widely applied to produce chemical products, such as copper sulfide, sodium pyrosulfite. In addition, surfur is oxidized into sulfur dioxide and used for bleaching in sugar production. Surfur is also used in pesticide production directly or indirectly. Carbon disulfide is used as dissolvent in viscose fiber production. Besides, surfur is also consumed in match manufacturing, cement steel through processing, medicine, poder and so on.
¶þ¡¢Technical and Economic Targets of Surphur Deposit:
Native SulphurThe lowest industrial grade: 10% ~ 25% sulfur content, when the sulfur content is more than 25%, the natural sulphur can be directly smelt; and when it is less than 25% of the required beneficiation, the commonly used ore dressing method is flotation.
PyritesAt present, the requirements to pyrites (iron pyrites, White iron pyrites, pyrrhotite) in industry are as follows:
1)When sulfur content is more than 18%, the ore can be directly refined for sulfur. And when sulfur content is more than 25%, the ore can be directly sent into the roasting furnace. If the mineral content can reach 38% and above, the ore can be used as raw material to produce iron.
2) Delineation of ore grade. Surphur content of the¢ñ grade > 35%; sulfur content of the ¢ò grade: 25% ~ 35%; sulfur content of the ¢ó grade: 12% ~ 25%.
3) Quality requirements to Preparation of sulfuric acid from pyrite stone. The quality of pyrite stone product used to produce sulfuric acid should meet the ZBD51005-88 standard. This standard has put into effect from December 1, 1988.
4) Quality requirements to Preparation of sulfur concentrate product. The quality of sulfur concentrate product used to produce sulfuric acid and for extraction of sulfur should meet the YB733-86 standard. This standard has put into effect from March 1, 1987. |
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